The bionator: sleeping giant.

نویسنده

  • Terrance J Spahl
چکیده

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Treatment effects produced by the Bionator appliance. Comparison with an untreated Class II sample.

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Long-term effectiveness and treatment timing for Bionator therapy.

The aim of the present investigation was to provide information about the long-term effects and optimal timing for class-II treatment with the Bionator appliance. Lateral cephalograms of 23 class-II patients treated with the Bionator were analyzed at three time periods: T1, start of treatment; T2, end of Bionator therapy; and T3, long-term observation (after completion of growth). T3 includes a...

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Clarifying the mechanism of effect of the Bionator for treatment of maxillary protrusion: A percentile growth study.

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The purpose was to investigate the amount of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes after early treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with bionator appliance in prepubertal growing patients. Forty Class II patients were divided in two groups. Treated group consisted of 20 subjects treated consecutively with bionator. Mean age at the start of treatment (T0) was 9.1 years, while it was 10.6 ...

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • International journal of orthodontics

دوره 13 3  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2002